Television and Cultural Change

Television and Cultural Change Research Paper: 1. Introduction Once considered a complete luxury for a family to own, the television has become a stable fixture in British and American households over the past few decades. In recent years, it has become unusual for a family not to own a television set and now it is just as uncommon for a family to own just one. In Britain, the years spanning from 1955 to 1969 saw an increase from 40 percent to 93 per cent of the population owning a television set (Silverstone, 1994, p. 67).Television or â€Å"TV† has become a prominent source for news and entertainment for billions of people around the world. For this, among other reasons, the concept of TV and its content has been the subject of much academic discourse and controversy. A lot of this discourse focuses on the ways television affects changes in societies’ behaviour and culture. This is visible via various scholarly communities. For example, up until 1982, psychologists ha d conducted over 2000 studies regarding the imitation of violence in the mass media.Economists and market researchers have performed similar types of empirical studies regarding imitation and suggestion in advertising (Bollen and Phillips, 1982, p. 802). This paper will combine findings of similar studies in an aim to examine the way television both mediates and contributes to cultural shifts in societies, particularly in Britain and the United States of America. 2. The Interplay of Institutions, Markets and Audiences Television drama, news, factual programming and the transformation of public service broadcasting have all played a huge role in the development of British and American society and cultural change.These changes currently present themselves through communications held between institutions, markets, and audiences. For instance, the consideration of an audience as a market instead of as the public by all types of institutions is the source for much controversy and debate (Walter, 2000, p. 67). This point will be further touched upon when discussing pubic service broadcasting and market-led broadcasting but first we must grasp a general understanding of cultural response to television as media. 3. Positive and Negative Response in SocietyThe communications that develop can be positive, in the case of an increase in democratic involvement or participation in the community but it can be also be negative, in the case of controversial programming, which can arguably contribute to the loss of a child’s innocence and even impair one’s ability to develop critical thinking skills. According to Bernard Berelson, a prominent American behavioural scientist, those with the greatest mass media exposure are much more likely to know a candidate’s stance on various issues (McCombs and Shaw, 1972, p. 77). On the contrary, Kenneth Bollen and David Phillips reported a prime example of how news can lead to a negative change in a society. A study tha t was performed and then replicated for a different time period showed that suicides had increased immediately following (10 days proceeding) a news report of a suicide in the surrounding region (1982). In order to ensure that changes are beneficial and that they contribute to the greater good of people, in this case in Britain and the U. S.A, studies such as this one must be produced and analysed. The study should offer insights, convey patterns, and report facts that can be applied in a practical way. As in the aforementioned case, it is evident that those who produce media have a responsibility for what they produce, whether it is fiction or fact. If watching a news report can incite someone to act on something as extreme as the contemplation of suicide, it may very well do the same for matters of a different nature 4. Public Service Broadcasting and the Free MarketWhen television was invented, it altered all preceding media of news and entertainment as well as many of our instit utions and forms of social relationships (Williams and Williams, 1992). In the public service broadcasting system, the consensus was that television media should be used for the good of the public and that access is guaranteed for all citizens (Walter, 2000, p. 67). Instead, private profit and gain enforced by market-led broadcasting, has compromised the idea of equality in terms of ability to receive information.This dissipation of equality stems from the differences in the general understanding of the roles that broadcasting plays (Walter, 2000, p63). The role that public service broadcasting plays is relevant today even with the new communication technologies of cable and satellite as the former provides quality programming which aims to raise cultural standards and provide a forum for democratic discussion and debate while the latter provides choice merely through exclusion, predicated by the ability of the consumer to pay for the additional services provided (Walter, 2000, p. 4 ). The Protocol to the Amsterdam Treaty dated June 1997 on public service broadcasting states â€Å"the system of public service broadcasting†¦is directly related to the democratic, social and cultural needs of each society†¦ to preserve media pluralism†, and it is in itself the reason why PSB is still relevant today, even for those states who did not sign on this treaty. 5. Understanding and Critiquing News Programming If one should ever listen in on a families’ after dinner conversation, one could often hear a parent commanding his or her offspring to â€Å"Turn that junk off! or questioning them as to â€Å"Why don’t you watch something educational instead? † and other comments of similar nature. The non-junk and educational content they are often referring to is factual programming such as the news. However, even with something as objective as the news there are still a few elements that one should consider when determining its quality and contribution to the viewing audience, as the point of contact between the people, events and politics. The objectivity of a news report should always be considered, just as the bias in a study or an experiment is considered in scientific communities.Many networks, even those provided through PSB, often have agendas and side with a political group. Furthermore, news stations are often pressured to deliver information that will grasp the attention of the viewer foremost, with the achievement of a quality report being a secondary goal. Considering factors such as the frequency and threshold of reported events can help in one’s appraisal. To exemplify the former, one can reflect on a news program dealing with the economic status of the country.If it focuses on temporary events that will not re-occur and do not help draw a picture of the economy as a whole, it is not a quality report. As for threshold, for instance, after the murder of John Lennon, events, which would normally not be considered newsworthy, received more coverage than they should have due to the public’s demand for therapy (Hartley, 1992, p. 76). A rule of thumb for news reporters is that bad news is good news (Hartley, 1992, pg. 76). However, as mentioned in a previous section of this report, empirical evidence shows that this is definitely not he case for the audience, considering the outcome suicide reports have on the subjected audiences behavioral changes. 6. Conclusions 6. 1. The Effects of Television on Society Television has many supporters and critics alike. Some argue that it brings people closer and some maintain that it can cause a divide in a community or even in a family. The way that one comes to these conclusions is by drawing questions such as the following. Do those who are not entitled to as much information due to economic reasons going to feel excluded and unworthy?Does media, such as television, contribute to a decrease of peoples’ participation in politics , the social environment and traditional leisure programs? Does locally produced programming strengthen the local community? These questions, among many others , should be answered in a proper analysis of television’s effect on people. Because those who are raised within a society develop and contribute that society’s culture more, it is vital to pay attention to its younger population. 6. 2. The Effects of Television on Young PeopleYoung people, in particular, have very malleable minds and are greatly affected by the things they see on television. In Sonia Silverstone’s Young People and the New Media, this phenomenon is thoroughly examined (1994). In this article, Silverstone reports of a British team of researchers who posed these types of questions in the form of survey questionnaire and interviews. The subjects ranged in age, gender and social and educational backgrounds in hopes of correlating media usage and effect across different segments of population.F indings showed that although television is considered an adequate source of information, it is also used to fill in the boring gaps of a child’s life. Television has the ability to shape a child’s emotions and it has effects on family life (Silverstone, 1994, p. 64, p. 68). 6. 3. The Effects of Television on the Domestic Space A crucial position in which TV has affected society can be viewed from within the domestic space. The television set has visibly transformed domestic arrangements over the years.In prior times, only the wealthy homes had a set in the family room. In more recent years, television has overtaken individual space as well, allowing for less family communication, a pattern which is now repeating itself with personal computers. Domestic time was also affected as television-viewing time has gradually increased over the years, once again allowing for less family time and communication. An outstanding statistic shows that at one point, Europe’s high est television viewing times belonged to the British population aged 9-16 (Silverstone, 1994, p. 69).In the same year, every age group from 10-16 years old reportedly preferred to watch TV alone as opposed to with friends, siblings, parents or anyone else (Livingstone, 1994). 6. 4. Representation of Reality Our perceptions of reality have been transformed by contemporary celebrity culture via television. The role played by television is that of reinforcement for both the state (which, today can be any figure appearing on a network) and the citizen (the audience). The validation that is provided serves as a means of centralised opinions and styles of behaviour (Williams and Williams, 1992).This is why anxieties about ‘dumbing down’ are in fact legitimate. Let us take an actor who believes that which is not presented in his character on his daytime drama. The audience who views this actor/ actress may adopt to a notion, feeling or belief portrayed by the character, in tur n validating the actor/ actress himself of a new belief system, one that he/ she had not previously considered. Should this belief system be one, deemed by professional opinions and the general public, of bad taste, it would mean that this is not quality television, and it does not produce a good quality of change for the general public as a culture.

Kenneth Burke’s Dramatism Essay Essays

Kenneth Burke’s Dramatism Essay Essays Kenneth Burke’s Dramatism Essay Paper Kenneth Burke’s Dramatism Essay Paper Life is play ; playing functions in relation to other people. Interest in the interaction of linguistic communication and action. Symbolic Interactionist- Language is symbolic action. â€Å"Verbal symbols are meaningful Acts of the Apostless from which motivations can be derived ( Griffin. p. 329 ) . † â€Å"Human beings†¦are a symbol-creating. symbol-using. and symbol misusing animate being ( Littlejohn. 1978. p. 69 ) . † A theory of Motives- why do people move ( peculiarly rhetorically ) the manner they do? Assess motivations. Texts/Speeches created by people to â€Å"DO SOMETHING. † Can be analyzed to find what it is they are seeking to make. Distinguishes human â€Å"Action† from Animal â€Å"Motion† Action MotionDone on intent ; Behaviors that are non-voluntary behaviour purposeful/non-meaningfule. g. DramatismAll animate beings and objectsPeoplehave gesture Forms of ThoughtThe survey of gesture is?mechanismUnderstood through motivations? Pentad( tool for understanding motivations ) Motivation: Linguistic Merchandise of Rhetorical Action Created a Grammar of Motives ( â€Å"grammar† significance regulations. rules. elements. construction and/or book ) Motivations are viewed by Burke in footings of internal beginnings of action ; but instead in footings of how linguistic communication and footings are used to do actions apprehensible. Guilt as Motive: guilt is an â€Å"all-purpose word for any feeling of tenseness within a person- anxiety. embarrassment. self-hatred. disgust. etc. ( Littlejohn. 1978. p. 70 ) . † We communicate to purge ourselves of guilt. Guilt arises out of linguistic communication. Three beginnings of guilt:1. The Negative: Language allows for regulations. ethical motives. etc. that surround us and we can’t escape violating. 2. The Principle of Perfection: Language allows us to â€Å"imagine† the ideal ( should ) . 3. The Principle of Heirarchy: Structure society with viing category and group differentiations We seek salvation ( cut down or extinguish guilt ) through communication/rhetoric/dramatism 1. Chagrin: self-blame 2. Victimage: external enemy is the beginning 3. Scapegoating: incrimination other ( s )Substance: general nature of a thing Consubstantiation: ( shared substance. commonalty ) Designation: ( same as consub ) grades of ; witting or unconscious ;1 ) stuff identification- goods. ownerships. things2 ) idealistic identification- values. thoughts. feelings. attitudes3 ) formal identification- form or agreement ofact/conventions ; functions. imposts. etc. Division- differences with others ( beginning of guilt ) FiveTool for understanding motivations Act SceneAgent Agency Purpose ( Six: Attitude: delayed or inchoate action ) Statement of motivations will reply: What was done ( act ) . when or where it was done ( scene ) . who did it ( agent ) . how it was done ( bureau ) . and why it was done ( intent ) .

Top 101 Best Persuasive Essay Topics in 2017

Top 101 Best Persuasive Essay Topics in 2017 Dont know how to jumpstart writing a persuasive essay? Use the list of top topics below as a source of inspiration for your project. Explore 101 ideas and find the perfect one you have been looking for. Alternatively, remember you can always get an essay written for a small fee from our expert writers. Lets get started! What is a persuasive essay? A persuasive essay is a type of written assignment that attempts to convince the reader or opponent that the argument, presented in work, is correct. The main objective of a persuasive speech is to let the students master the art of persuasion. This type of essay is a typical assignment at high-school and early college years, so senior high school students and junior college students can benefit from it the most. A persuasive essay outline is as follows: an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Find Exciting Ideas for Your Persuasive Essay The 101 topics listed below are a great source of inspiration and material for thorough and exciting research. Among them, you will find an ideal theme to use in your further investigation. On the other hand, dont forget that you can also get your essay written by our professional writers in a matter of hours. Our service provides high-quality exclusive essay writing services. We have the necessary expertise and years of successful experience in custom academic writing. Our authors can come up with top-notch quality writing that will meet all of your requirements and help you get the grade you want. Persuasive essays, in many ways, resemble argumentative essays. The major difference is that the argumentative essay should demonstrate a discussion as opposed to a single opinion. When working on a persuasive essay topic, one should remember that aiming to persuade the reader, make sure first that your statement or argument is 100% correct. Write down your topic as a firm statement in the form of a sentence and avoid using questions instead. Easy Persuasive Speech and Essay Topics In modern classrooms, exams do not match students’ abilities. Schools should have nothing to do with ads. Soda shouldn’t be sold to kids in restaurants. French fries shouldn’t be served in public school cafeterias. There should be different classes for boys and girls. Breastfeeding should be allowed in public places. Parents should go to jail if their kids do something illegal. People under 21 should be allowed to drink alcohol with parental consent. Parents must be responsible for providing a healthy diet. Parents should regularly check children’s belongings for drugs. The Internet was invented to change our lives. Medium Difficulty Persuasive Topics for a Speech or an Essay Is the ACLU a scam that is no good for America? Commercial testing on animals should be banned. Alternative energy is cheap enough to replace fossil fuels. Churches should pay taxes. The United States should maintain the Cuba embargo. College football should replace the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) with a playoff system. Decrease of the federal corporate income tax rate creates more jobs. The age for legal alcohol drinking should be more than 21. The felons who have completed their sentence should be allowed to vote. Difficult Persuasive Speech and Essay Topics Sex orientation is determined in childhood. Capital punishment is a crime. The humans are the leading cause of global climate change. Euthanasia should be allowed. Adults must be allowed to carry the electroshock device. The U.S. Supreme Court should ban same-sex marriages. The ways to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict exist. Defending yourself should be a constitutional right under the Second Amendment. Illegal immigrants shouldn’t be put to prison and forced to work to pay for their upkeep. College Level Topics for Persuasive Essays and Speeches Is there an equal representation of genders in politics. Cell phone use and texting make it difficult to concentrate. Textbooks are obsolete and should be replaced by iPads. Students should be careful when posting on social media. A border fence will solve the dilemma of immigration. Cyber-attacks are a vital intelligence tool for all countries. More recycling measures need to be forced by law. College network should use special filters to block inappropriate materials. The social network should be prohibited at school property. Should girls have equal representation on co-ed wrestling and football teams? Domestic terrorism is not an overwhelming issue in America. Identity theft is a huge problem for older adults. Bachelor’s Level Persuasive Speech and Essay Topics Fast food restaurants should prominently display calories. The current tax system overburdens the middle-class. Chronic mental patients live in â€Å"halfway houses† in the community. Billboards should be prohibited on highways. Psychiatrists should testify in court when a defendant enters a non-guilty-by-reason-of-insanity plea. The U.S. Constitution should require a National Health Insurance Program. Child molesters should be sentenced to death. Prospective parents should be required to take parenting classes. Getting married in high school should be encouraged for teen moms. The United Nations should be disbanded? Prisons should use music and art to calm prisoners. Educated people must volunteer as literacy tutors. Constructing Olympic venues near UNESCO protected sites is deplorable. Master’s Level Persuasive Speech and Essay Topics Society should shun prescribed codes of ethics. There is no such thing as the good and the evil. Does sexual desire define human behavior? Selfishness is an innate human behavior and should be encouraged. Intelligence should be genetically engineered. Genetics determines human behavior. Happiness comes from helping others, and this is why selfish people are always unhappy. Gods not dead. There is much evil in the world, and we should turn to God. Ethics are the unselfish means humans derive from their parenting instincts. The truth is universal. Creation of wealth comes from taking advantage of other people’s hard work. Funny Topics for Persuasive Essays What would happen if donkeys took over the world? Where do all the mismatched run away to? Why I hate country music (an exclusive tell-all biography). The worst song in the world. People love to watch shark attack shows, and they are cheering for the shark. Why do we have tanning booths at the beach? Your video game skills can get you a good job. Why people love email spam more than real email letters. Why wearing braces makes it easier to scare strangers. Playing with Barbie will change your life. Why Mickey Mouse frightens children. How to fake it as a non-sporty girlfriend. How to look busy at work without doing any actual work. Being a living Barbie doll has destroyed my life. Controversial Topics for a Persuasive Essay Bailing out financial institutions should not be allowed to use federal tax money. Surveillance makes U.S. society. Polygamy should be banned. Lesbian mothers create deviant daughters. No warrant should be needed for search and seizures. We should abolish the jury system and give sole power to judges. Biological weapons should not be allowed. Torture should be illegal. Contraception should be banned for children. To have children, both parents should be certified. Genetically modified organisms have benefits. The world would be better off without educated women. Harvesting sperm from dead male relatives should be considered abusive and illegal. Bonus Topics Parents should pay children for home chores. The USA should populate the moon and establish a military outpost there. Grades should be outlawed as counterproductive and degrading. A survival plan should become a must-have for every family in case of natural disasters. Parents should talk to their children about drugs at a young age. Cats make better pets than turtles. Religion freedom doesn’t really exist for most people all over the world. There must be an implant contraception for men too. If you are looking for persuasive essay examples, take a look at these below FREE PERSUASIVE ESSAY EXAMPLE What Is the Point of Writing Persuasive Essays? Persuasive writing allows us to look critically at ideas and topics that we might not pay enough attention to outside the classroom. Writing persuasive essays and speeches stretches your imagination and, sometimes, it can provide life-defining introspection. We would encourage all our visitors to use these essay topics as basic ideas to develop your own themes. Don’t forget proper referencing – use our APA referencing tool or hire a qualified expert to help you with your written project. 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Buffering Work-Family Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buffering Work-Family Conflict - Essay Example The government has formulated policies that restrict the time for working. The employers implement these policies in a bid to buffer work-family conflicts. This occurs through giving employees a greater flexibility at work. The employees have freedom of choice on the appropriate time to work either part time or full time. Another factor is social support, where employees have the chance to receive members of their families as visitors during working hours. This helps the employees to reduce their personal and social pressures, as they are able to focus on both family and work. The competition between work and family reduces, thus buffering the work-family conflicts. The other factor relates to the management of the employees’ set of behavior that are incompatible for work and family (Poelmans, 2005). The most important factors in the reduction of work-family conflict are the implementation of government policies and social support for workers. Government policies govern the working hours of the employees. The employees have the ability to take time off from work, whenever they require taking care of their families. The government policies also capture the minimum wage of employees. This helps to reduce the financial conflicts that could arise due to the lack of money for satisfying basic family needs. On the other hand, social support is important because it helps employees in becoming efficient at work. Companies that provide emotional support to their employees have shown high performance. Such organizations also offer appraisal support that involves giving feedback on the employees, performance on their duties. Such employees also receive encouragement and affirmation on job promotions. Through social support, the employees are able to receive informational support through directives and advice from their seniors. This ensures that they avoid common mistakes at their places of work. The employees also

Answer the 4 questions from the provided uploaded information and the Research Paper

Answer the 4 questions from the provided uploaded information and the provided book - Research Paper Example Likewise, it was asserted by Powell (2008) that â€Å"the death of Jesus Christ is an integral aspect of salvation† (p. 3232) because at the moment of death, it was noted that God forgave the sins of many and became the liberation of the souls from the bondage of sin; thus, opening the gates of heaven to eternal life and to salvation. In addition, it was also contended that â€Å"salvation includes new life in Christ, comprising regeneration (or rebirth) and eternal life. We have this new life as we participate in Jesus’ resurrection† (Powell, 2008, p. 3599). 2. In 150-300 words, compare the theological positions of James Arminius and John Calvin. (10%) James Arminius alleged that man should not be held accountable for the sin of Adam; but only accountable when man transgressed against God’s laws voluntarily. ... As such, children of Christian disciples should be baptized while infants to be participants in the noted new covenant (Powell, 2008, p. 4764). Likewise, his teachings include: (1) total depravity concept where man was believed to be incapable of saving oneself; (2) that God chooses those who go to heaven or hell and man can do nothing to change this; (3) that Jesus allegedly died on the cross not to save mankind; but only those who were elected to go to heaven; (4) that man cannot resist God if and when he chooses to draw man towards Him; and finally, (5) salvation is believe to be left entirely to God. 3. In your own words, write a one to two sentence definition of the following terms or phrases: (5%) Canon of Scripture, as defined, means rule of a collection of writings of the Church which were considered of great value (Powell, 2008, p. 4514). Image of God was allegedly described in the Bible where man was created after the likeness of God, in terms of resemblance to some form of goodness, which is solely attributable to Him. Kenosis is a term which actually meant ‘emptying† which was analogous to Jesus, as the Son of God, who apparently emptied his divinity and assumed the role of a slave (Powell, 2008, p. 5270). Omniscience was noted to be the term which signifies the universality of God’s wisdom, which far exceeds the understanding and grasp of human nature and intellectual faculties of man. Original sin is reported to be a doctrine which presupposed that people are born in a sinful world; and therefore, it is acknowledgement that even before the ability to reason and have the capacity for spirituality, people are born to participate in the natural and universal sinfulness of the world. Orthodoxy was acknowledged to come from the word orthodox, a

Case Study (Human-Resource-Development) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(Human-Resource-Development) - Case Study Example The employees must be sent for the training in batches of forty persons per batch. Each batch will last one week. On the first day, the training will begin with the trainer explaining what Kaizen is all about. Then the group will spend some time introducing each other. There will not be more than three sessions per day. In the beginning, the sessions must be used to impart information about the present status of the company. Gradually, the trainees will be told about what the company intends to do to bring about a turnaround and what is expected from each employee to bring about the progress. The sessions must be interspersed with lively but lesson producing games to highlight the importance of performing as a team and the role of each member in the team. Under improving efficiency, all the functions including company goals, means of achieving these goals, delegation of responsibilities, and rewards/penalties for outstanding performance/below average performance will be covered. Customer satisfaction is achieved by understanding the customer's problems and difficulties and solving them promptly. Sometimes there will be the need to coordinate with different people and departments in order to address customer's concerns. All these must be wrapped up within the working day. The learning objectives for achievement of target rest with each indi... The learning objectives for achievement of target rest with each individual employee doing his job qualitatively and quantitatively. There must be special focus on improving as an individual employee and also as a team. This is achieved by encouraging innovations and open communication. For each group of employees that will need training, what are the organizational constraints that need to be addressed in the design of the training What design features should be used to address these constraints Be sure to address both the learning and transfer of training issues. The organizational constraints are issues that come in the way of achieving targets. These are issues like loss of man-days, absenteeism, communication problems, and ego problems. They can also be constraining issues the company is forced to follow due to its own policies or policies/statutory requirements enforced by law. These can be explained to the employees in one of the training sessions. To begin, each trainee must diligently attend each session. The trainees must actively participate in the discussions and games. Case 2 - Strategic Planning at Multistate Health Corporation (MHC) In the implementation of the HRPS, what groups of employees are likely to need training Think of this from a training design perspective and from a training content perspective. The senior level management and everyone else below need training. MHC's present management status is a disaster. The rot begins at the top. The training to stem the rot and bring about transformation must also begin at the topmost level. The training for the middle level management and the management and staff below the middle level can be addressed as a matter of course. For the type of training you envision for each group, what are the

Criminal Justice Essay Example for Free

Criminal Justice Essay In today’s society crime is increasing every day and the types of crime are changing. It seems more and more that crimes of identity theft and organized crime are on the rise. According to the CJi Interactive Media crime is defined as â€Å" conduct in violation of the criminal laws of the state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. † That means that â€Å" crime â€Å" depends on where you are. The same behavior may or may not be a crime depending on the state of the actor, time of day, the year, the location of the act, or even the reasons behind the behavior. The government structure applies to the criminal justice system when that a crime only becomes an issue when violating social norms, sanctions, or rights. Law can be defined as a set of regulations determined by a group of people who decide what is right and what is wrong. When these regulations are broken, it creates a crime. Society sees criminal justice as an officer making an arrest or patrolling the streets. Society does not realize that the criminal justice system has a government type structure, has goals, and is made up of three components. These components include the Police, Courts, and the Correction system. Each one of these components has its own function and purpose. The police enforce the law, arrest offenders, decrease and prevent crimes, maintain public order, ensure safety of the public and to protect their rights. The courts conduct fair and impartial trials, decide criminal cases, ensure due process, determine guilt or innocence through jury of peers, uphold the law, and to protect the rights of anyone facing trial by the system. The corrections carry out sentencing imposed by the courts, provide safe and humane custody of offenders, rehabilitate, reform, reinstate offenders back into the community. There are several different choice theories in regards to crime. One theory is the rational cause theory. This theory was developed by Cesare Becarria and is considered the classical school of thought and labels criminals as deviants. It explains how an offender will commit a crime for his or her own benefit or personal gain. The individual knows the act is criminal but the reward outweighs the consequence. Another theory is Sociological Positivism, this theory studies the relationships between public influences and crime. This theory is fueled by a study of social structures within an offender’s environment. Biological Positivism is another theory developed by Cesare Lombroso in the late 1800s and studies the change and physical differences between criminals and non-criminals, saying that some people are born as criminals. One more theory is the Psychological Positivism which introduces that the cause of crimes is rooted in the offender’s mental health stability or in personality disorders. For example, schizophrenia, bi-polar disease, psychopathic personality, and depression to name a few. This theory the individual who may or may not know what reality is. The offender may have a chemical imbalance that does not allow them to know right from wrong and the cause of the crime may be from inside and unavoidable versus a controlled decision. Society sees these views and have studied and applied them still today, but society uses to common models to determine which acts are criminal. One model is called the consensus model. This model is based on a wide variety of people who come together and decide based on their beliefs. There is also the conflict model, it argues that businesses or people of the criminal justice system work against or compete with each other for own personal recognition or glorification to produce and ensure justice. There are many goals of the criminal justice system of today. One goal is community safety, the system is responsible for safety and our children should be able to play outside without fear and families should be able to take evening walks. All citizens pay taxes to law enforcement personnel and view safe communities as a right. Another goal is victim restoration, if the offender is responsible to pay restitution then it will be paid directly to the courts. Then the courts will forward it to the victim. The victims also have the right to speak at the sentencing and may also speak with the probation officer to provide input and request information. The criminal justice system also wants to rehabilitate offenders and reintegrate them back into the community, whether it be on probation or the sentence has been fulfilled. Community supervision can monitor all criminals while helping them to becoming productive members of society. Some people consider the criminal justice as not a system at all. According to the KY government, â€Å"the criminal justice system is an array of agencies and organizations funded and controlled by various governmental and non-governmental entities. † This means that each agency or jurisdiction has its own responsibilities, priorities, and roles to perform and fulfill. The system has other non-government agencies and services that help prevent crime and to make the communities safe. A true system would be that all agencies collaborate together effectively, work together efficiently, and coordinate plans to help reduce crime as a team. Instead, the agencies work separately for personal gain and benefit. You have agencies that trump each other for jurisdiction rights and power. In a perfect system these problems would not exist and I think crime as whole would be a fraction of what it is today.